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<title>Time Machine (macOS)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Time Machine (macOS)</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Time Machine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Time Machine's retrieval interface on <a href="MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">macOS 11</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">macOS 10.5</a> or newer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Backup_software" title="Backup software">Backup software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201250">support<wbr>.apple<wbr>.com<wbr>/en-us<wbr>/HT201250</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">History and architecture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">Version history</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Transition to Intel processors</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">Transition to Apple silicon</a></li>

<li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li>

<li><a href="Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Versions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">Version history</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody (Developer Release)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Hera (Server 1.0)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Kodiak (Public Beta)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">Cheetah (10.0)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">Jaguar (10.2)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">Panther (10.3)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">Tiger (10.4)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Leopard (10.5)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Snow Leopard (10.6)</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">Mountain Lion (10.8)</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">Mavericks (10.9)</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">Yosemite (10.10)</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">El Capitan (10.11)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">Sierra (10.12)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">High Sierra (10.13)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">Mojave (10.14)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">Catalina (10.15)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">Monterey (12)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">Ventura (13)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">Sonoma (14)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">Sequoia (15)</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">Tahoe (26)</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Applications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Automator_(macOS)" title="Automator (macOS)">Automator</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li>

<li><a href="Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li>

<li><a href="Dashboard_(macOS)" title="Dashboard (macOS)">Dashboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li>

<li><a href="FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a><small> (<a href="History_of_iTunes" title="History of iTunes">history</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li>

<li><a href="Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li>

<li><a href="Preview_(macOS)" title="Preview (macOS)">Preview</a></li>

<li><a href="QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li>

<li><a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li>

<li><a href="Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li>

<li><a href="Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li>

<li><a href="TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li>

</ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">List of built-in apps</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">List of compatible software</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Mac_games" title="List of Mac games">List of compatible games</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Utilities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Activity_Monitor_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity Monitor (macOS)">Activity Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="AirPort Utility">AirPort Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Archive_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Utility">Archive Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Audio_MIDI_Setup" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio MIDI Setup">Audio MIDI Setup</a></li>

<li><a href="Bluetooth_File_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluetooth File Exchange">Bluetooth File Exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li>

<li><a href="Console_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Console (macOS)">Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Crash_Reporter_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash Reporter (macOS)">Crash Reporter</a></li>

<li><a href="DigitalColor_Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="DigitalColor Meter">DigitalColor Meter</a></li>

<li><a href="Directory_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory Utility">Directory Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="DiskImageMounter" class="mw-redirect" title="DiskImageMounter">DiskImageMounter</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_Utility" title="Disk Utility">Disk Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Help_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Help Viewer">Help Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Image_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Capture">Image Capture</a></li>

<li><a href="Installer_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Installer (macOS)">Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Keychain_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Keychain Access">Keychain Access</a></li>

<li><a href="Migration_Assistant_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Assistant (Apple)">Migration Assistant</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Utility">Network Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="ODBC_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC Administrator">ODBC Administrator</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Install_Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Install Mac OS X">Remote Install Mac OS X</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="System Preferences">System Preferences</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Information_(Mac_OS)" class="mw-redirect" title="System Information (Mac OS)">System Information</a></li>

<li><a href="Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Access">Universal Access</a></li>

<li><a href="VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related operating systems</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a></li>

<li><a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li>

<li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Time Machine</b> is the <a href="Backup_software" title="Backup software">backup</a> mechanism of <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, the desktop <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> developed by <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>. The software is designed to work with both local storage devices and network-attached disks, and is commonly used with external disk drives connected using either <a href="USB" title="USB">USB</a> or <a href="Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a>. It was introduced in <a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard</a>, which was released in October 2007 and incrementally refined in subsequent releases of macOS. Time Machine was revamped in <a href="MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">macOS 11 Big Sur</a> to support <a href="Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a>, which enabled faster and more reliable backups.<sup id="cite_ref-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Time Machine creates incremental backups of files that can be restored at a later date.<sup id="cite_ref-apple_tm_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple_tm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allows the user to restore the whole system or specific files. It also works within a number of applications such as <a href="Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a> and <a href="IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a>, making it possible to restore individual objects (e.g. emails, contacts, text documents, presentations) without leaving the application.

</p><p>Time Machine saves hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for everything older than a month until the volume runs out of space. At that point, Time Machine deletes the oldest weekly backup.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>For backups to a network drive, Time Machine allows the user to back up Mac computers over the network, and supports backing up to certain <a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network attached storage</a> devices or servers, depending on the version of Time Machine. Earlier versions worked with a wide variety of NAS servers, but later versions required the server to support a recent version of Apple's <a href="Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)</a> or a recent version of the <a href="Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block (SMB)</a> protocol, and Time Machine no longer works with servers using earlier versions of SMB.<sup id="cite_ref-AppleTimeMachineOverSMB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AppleTimeMachineOverSMB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the legacy support can be re-enabled by using hand-tuned configuration options, accessed through the <a href="Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a>. Apple's <a href="AirPort_Time_Capsule" title="AirPort Time Capsule">AirPort Time Capsule</a> router, which was introduced in 2008 and discontinued in 2018, acted as a <a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network storage</a> device specifically for Time Machine backups, allowing both wired and wireless backups to the Time Capsule's internal hard drive. Time Machine may also be used with other external or internal volumes.

</p><p><a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">macOS Tahoe</a> will be the last version of macOS to support AFP, with macOS 27 onward only supporting Time Machine backups over SMB version 2 or later. Time Machine backups using AirPort Time Capsule routers will no longer function.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revamp_in_macOS_Big_Sur">Revamp in macOS Big Sur</h2></div>

<p>Time Machine was overhauled in <a href="MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">macOS 11 Big Sur</a> to utilize <a href="APFS" class="mw-redirect" title="APFS">APFS</a>, Apple's modern <a href="File_system" title="File system">file system</a> introduced in 2016, and makes use of APFS's <a href="Snapshot_(computer_storage)" title="Snapshot (computer storage)">snapshot</a> technology.<sup id="cite_ref-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Owen,_Apple_Insider_2020.06.27_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen,_Apple_Insider_2020.06.27-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oakley,_Eclectic_Light_Company_2020.06.20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oakley,_Eclectic_Light_Company_2020.06.20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Apple, this enables "faster, more compact, and more reliable backups" than were possible previously with <a href="HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a>-formatted drives.<sup id="cite_ref-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An independent evaluation of this claim found that macOS 11's Time Machine implementation in conjunction with APFS was 2.75-fold faster upon initial local backup and 4-fold faster upon subsequent backups relative to macOS 10.15's Time Machine implementation using HFS+.<sup id="cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more modest yet nevertheless significant advantage was noted as well for backups to network-attached disks.<sup id="cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Local (i.e. USB- or Thunderbolt-connected) and network-connected Time Machine backup destinations are formatted as APFS by default, though Time Machine can continue backing up to existing HFS+ backup volumes."<sup id="cite_ref-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macOS_11.0.1_Release_Notes_(Apple)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no option to convert existing, HFS+-based backups to APFS; instead, users who want to benefit from the advantages of the new, APFS-based implementation of Time Machine need to start with a fresh volume.<sup id="cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At least in some circumstances, encryption appears to be required (instead of merely optional) in the new version of Time Machine.<sup id="cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2020.11.12,_macOS_Big_Sur_Review-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_interface">User interface</h2></div>

<p>Time Machine's <a href="User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> when retrieving a file uses Apple's <a href="Core_Animation" title="Core Animation">Core Animation</a> <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a>. Upon its launch, Time Machine "floats" the active <a href="Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a> or application window from the user's desktop to a backdrop depicting the user's blurred desktop wallpaper. Behind the current <a href="Active_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Active window">active window</a> are stacked windows, with each window representing a <a href="Snapshot_(computer_storage)" title="Snapshot (computer storage)">snapshot</a> of how that folder or application looked on the given date and time in the past. When toggling through the previous snapshots, the stacked windows extend backwards, giving the impression of flying through a "time tunnel." While paging through these "windows from the past", a previous version of the data (or currently deleted data) may be retrieved.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage">Storage</h2></div>

<p>Time Machine works with locally connected storage disks, which must be formatted in the <a href="Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a> or <a href="HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a> volume formats. Support for backing up to APFS volumes was added with <a href="MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">macOS 11 Big Sur</a> and since then APFS is the default volume format.

</p><p>Time Machine also works with remote storage media shared from other systems, including Time Capsule, via the network. When using remote storage, Time Machine uses <a href="Sparse_image" title="Sparse image">sparse bundles</a>. This acts as an isolation layer, which makes the storage neutral to the actual file system used by the network server, and also permits the replication of the backup from one storage medium to another. Sparse bundles are mounted by macOS like any other device, presenting their content as a HFS+ formatted volume, functionally similar to a local storage.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requirements">Requirements</h3></div>

<p>Time Machine places strict requirements on the backup storage medium. The only officially supported configurations are:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>A storage drive or partition connected directly to the computer, either internally or by a bus like <a href="USB" title="USB">USB</a> or <a href="Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> and formatted as <a href="Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a> or <a href="Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">journaled</a> <a href="HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a>. If the volume format is not correct, Time Machine will prompt the user to reformat it.</li>

<li>A folder on another Mac on the same network.</li>

<li>The internal drive of an Apple <a href="AirPort_Time_Capsule" title="AirPort Time Capsule">AirPort Time Capsule</a> router on the same network, or a USB drive connected to an AirPort Time Capsule 802.11ac or <a href="AirPort_Extreme" title="AirPort Extreme">AirPort Extreme</a> 802.11ac router on the same network. (USB hard drives on earlier generations of the AirPort Extreme/Time Capsule are not supported.) <i>(This option is only supported in <a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">macOS Tahoe</a> and earlier and will be dropped with macOS 27.)</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Local network volumes connected using the <a href="Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">Apple Filing Protocol</a> (supported through macOS Tahoe) or via an <a href="Server_Message_Block#SMB_3.0" title="Server Message Block">SMB3</a> share that advertises a number of capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-AppleTimeMachineOverSMB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AppleTimeMachineOverSMB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>On a Time Capsule, the backup data is stored in an HFS+ <a href="Disk_image" title="Disk image">disk image</a> and accessed via <a href="Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">Apple Filing Protocol</a>. Although it is not officially supported, users and manufacturers have also configured <a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> servers and <a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> systems to serve Time Machine-enabled Macs. There are also a few software tools available on the market that can copy files inside Time Machine backups in Windows machines.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alonso20130506_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alonso20130506-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2></div>

<p>Time Machine creates a folder on the designated Time Machine volume (local or inside a remote <a href="Sparse_image" title="Sparse image">sparse image</a>) into which it copies the directory tree of all locally attached storage drives, except for files and directories that the user has specified to omit, including the Time Machine volume itself. Every hour thereafter, it creates a new subordinate folder and copies only files that have changed since the last backup and creates (in the case of HFS+ volumes) <a href="Hard_link" title="Hard link">hard links</a> to files that already exist on the backup drive. A user can browse the directory hierarchy of these copies as if browsing the primary disk.<sup id="cite_ref-PondHowTimeMachineWorks_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PondHowTimeMachineWorks-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some other backup utilities save deltas for file changes, much like <a href="Version_control" title="Version control">version control</a> systems. Such an approach permits more frequent backups of minor changes, but can often complicate the interaction with the backup volume. By contrast, it is possible to manually browse a Time Machine backup volume without using the Time Machine interface; Time Machine presents each backup to the user as a complete disk copy.<sup id="cite_ref-PondHowTimeMachineWorks_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PondHowTimeMachineWorks-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Time Machine on HFS+ volumes creates multiple hard links to unmodified directories.<sup id="cite_ref-PondHowTimeMachineWorks_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PondHowTimeMachineWorks-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiple linking of directories is a peculiar feature for HFS+, and is not supported on modern Unix file systems including Apple's own APFS.<sup id="cite_ref-MacObserverTimeMachineAPFS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacObserverTimeMachineAPFS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, tools like <a href="Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a> cannot be used to replicate a Time Machine volume; replication can only reliably be done by imaging the entire filesystem.

</p><p>Apple system events record when each directory is modified on the hard drive. This means that instead of examining every file's modification date when it is activated, Time Machine only needs to scan the directories that changed for files to copy. This differs from the approach taken by similar backup utilities <a href="Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a> and <a href="FlyBack" title="FlyBack">FlyBack</a>, which examine modification dates of all files during backup.

</p><p>Time Machine is also available in the <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> installation process. One of the features in the <a href="Migration_Assistant_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Assistant (Apple)">Migration Assistant</a> interface is to restore the contents of a Time Machine backup. In other words, a hard drive can be restored from a Time Machine backup in the event of a catastrophic crash.

</p><p><a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">OS X Mountain Lion</a> introduced the ability to use multiple volumes simultaneously for Time Machine operations. When the user specifies more than one volume to use, macOS rotates among the desired volumes each time it does a backup.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exclusion">Exclusion</h2></div>

<p>Time Machine supports two forms of exclusion: one based on a user-configured list of paths (plus a set of system defaults), the other based on the <a href="Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">extended file attribute</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">com.apple.metadata:com_apple_backup_excludeItem dependencies</code>. Since the attribute is applied to the file or directory directly, moving or copying will not affect the exclusion. The attribute should contain the string <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">com.apple.backup</code> in any <a href="Property_list" title="Property list">property list</a> format. Writing <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">com.apple.MobileBackup</code> instead sets the exclusion for iOS backups.<sup id="cite_ref-bob_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Google Chrome is known to use the attribute to exclude its histories.<sup id="cite_ref-bob_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Third-party backup applications that respect this setting include CrashPlan and Arq.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple wraps the attribute into the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">tmutil</code> command-line utility<sup id="cite_ref-bob_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a CoreServices API.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Backup_(backup_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backup (backup software)">MobileMe Backup</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_backup_software" title="List of backup software">List of backup software</a></li>

<li>Backup options built into Microsoft Windows: <a href="System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a>, <a href="Features_new_to_Windows_8#File_History" title="Features new to Windows 8">File History</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-Owen,_Apple_Insider_2020.06.27-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Owen,_Apple_Insider_2020.06.27_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2020" class="citation news cs1">Owen, Malcolm (June 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/06/27/apfs-changes-affect-time-machine-in-macos-big-sur-encrypted-drives-in-ios-14">"APFS changes affect Time Machine in macOS Big Sur, encrypted drives in iOS 14"</a>. Apple Insider<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Oakley,_Eclectic_Light_Company_2020.06.20-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oakley,_Eclectic_Light_Company_2020.06.20_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOakley2020" class="citation news cs1">Oakley, Howard (June 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eclecticlight.co/2020/06/29/apfs-changes-in-big-sur-how-time-machine-backs-up-to-apfs-and-more/">"APFS changes in Big Sur: how Time Machine backs up to APFS, and more"</a>. The Eclectic Light Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202784">"Backup disks you can use with Time Machine"</a>. <i>Apple Support</i>. Apple Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMatthias_Kretschmann2008" class="citation web cs1">Matthias Kretschmann (June 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kremalicious.com/2008/06/ubuntu-as-mac-file-server-and-time-machine-volume">"HowTo: Make Ubuntu A Perfect Mac File Server And Time Machine Volume"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMKurtz" class="citation web cs1">MKurtz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nslu2-linux.org/wiki/HowTo/TimeMachineBackups">"NSLU2-Linux - HowTo / TimeMachineBackups"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFharryd712009" class="citation web cs1">harryd71 (November 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harryd71.blogspot.com/2009/11/mac-osx-time-machine-and-freenas-07.html">"Mac OS X Time Machine and FreeNAS 0.7"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQNAP_Systems_Inc." class="citation web cs1">QNAP Systems Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qnap.com/en-us/how-to/tutorial/article/using-time-machine-to-back-up-your-mac-to-a-qnap-nas-via-smb/">"QNAP NAS support for Apple Time Machine"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBastian_Bechtold" class="citation web cs1">Bastian Bechtold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bastibe.de/2012-07-29-using-raspberry-pi-as-time-machine.html">"Using a Raspberry Pi as a Time Capsule for Mountain Lion"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-alonso20130506-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alonso20130506_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlonso,_Noel" class="citation web cs1">Alonso, Noel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afp548.com/2013/05/06/afp-services-on-a-linux-server/">"Using Netatalk: AFP Services on a Linux Server"</a>. AFP548.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite> Also see slowfranklin's comment and its replies. To add the guest UAM, add <code>AFPD_UAMLIST="-U uams_guest.so"</code> to the <code>[Global]</code> section in <code>afp.conf</code>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBas_van_de_Wiel" class="citation web cs1">Bas van de Wiel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.area536.com/projects/ironclad-time-machine-backups-on-freebsd/">"Ironclad Time Machine backups on FreeBSD"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAmar_Ilindra2018" class="citation web cs1">Amar Ilindra (November 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekdashboard.com/restore-time-machine-backups-windows/">"How to Access and Restore Time Machine Backup Files on Windows"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-PondHowTimeMachineWorks-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PondHowTimeMachineWorks_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PondHowTimeMachineWorks_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PondHowTimeMachineWorks_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPond2013" class="citation web cs1">Pond, James (August 31, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621092705/https://www.baligu.com/pondini/TM/Works.html">"How Time Machine Works its Magic"</a>. <i>Apple OSX and Time Machine Tips</i>. baligu.com. File System Event Store, Hard Links. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pondini.org.ftp83plus.net/TM/Works.html">the original</a> on June 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-MacObserverTimeMachineAPFS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacObserverTimeMachineAPFS_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFButts2017" class="citation web cs1">Butts, Jeff (September 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macobserver.com/tips/deep-dive/time-machine-and-apfs-need-know/">"Time Machine and APFS: What You Need to Know"</a>. <i>The Mac Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell,_Serenity2012" class="citation web cs1">Caldwell, Serenity (February 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macworld.com/article/1165496/ten_exciting_system_changes_in_mountain_lion.html">"Ten exciting system changes in Mountain Lion"</a>. Mac-world<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-bob-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bob_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bob_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bob_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBobby" class="citation web cs1">Bobby, Brant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/25833">"macos - On OS X, what files are excluded by rule from a Time Machine backup?"</a>. <i>Ask Different</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/gilbertchen/duplicacy/issues/478">"Feature Request: Honor com_apple_backup_excludeItem on MacOS · Issue #478 · gilbertchen/duplicacy"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/1445043-csbackupsetitemexcluded?language=objc">"CSBackupSetItemExcluded - Core Services"</a>. <i>Apple Developers Documentation</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201250">Apple Support: Back up your Mac with Time Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2007/10/mac-os-x-10-5.ars/14">Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard review on Ars Technica</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eclecticlight.co/2021/03/04/time-machine-to-apfs-evolution/">brief history of Time Machine and its evolution to using APFS</a>, by Howard Oakley</li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Built-in apps</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">Software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Server 1.0</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 Cheetah</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">26 Tahoe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li>

<li><a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core<br>applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Automator_(macOS)" title="Automator (macOS)">Automator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Chess" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Chess</a></li>

<li><a href="Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_Center_(Apple)" title="Control Center (Apple)">Control Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li>

<li><a href="DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li>

<li><a href="FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li>

<li><a href="Launchpad_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launchpad (macOS)">Launchpad</a></li>